India · CBSE Learning Outcomes
Class 12 Philosophy
An investigation into the fundamental questions of existence, knowledge, and morality. Students analyze classical Indian traditions alongside Western analytical and ethical frameworks to develop rigorous critical thinking skills.
Epistemology: The Nature of Knowledge
An exploration of how we know what we know, contrasting Nyaya and Carvaka perspectives with Western rationalism and empiricism.
Analysis of perception, inference, and testimony as valid sources of knowledge in Indian philosophy.
Examining the limits of human understanding through the lens of Cartesian doubt and Buddhist emptiness.
Evaluating the correspondence, coherence, and pragmatic theories of truth.
Ethics and the Moral Compass
A study of moral obligations, virtue ethics, and the application of ethical theories to modern dilemmas.
Understanding the concept of Varnasrama Dharma and Nishkama Karma in the Bhagavad Gita.
Comparing Mill's focus on consequences with Kant's emphasis on the categorical imperative.
Applying ethical frameworks to contemporary issues like climate change and social justice.
Metaphysics: Reality and the Self
Investigating the nature of the soul, the mind-body problem, and the ultimate structure of reality.
Exploring the Vedantic concepts of the individual self and the absolute reality.
Analyzing dualism, materialism, and the nature of consciousness.
Examining the theories of Satkaryavada and Asatkaryavada regarding cause and effect.
Logic and Argumentation
Developing the tools for rigorous reasoning, identifying fallacies, and constructing sound arguments.
Introduction to Aristotelian logic and the structure of categorical syllogisms.
Identifying common errors in everyday reasoning such as Ad Hominem and Strawman arguments.
Using symbols to represent logical connectors and test the validity of complex arguments.
Social and Political Philosophy
Analyzing the relationship between the individual and the state, justice, and the foundations of authority.
Comparing the views of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau on the origin of the state.
Evaluating John Rawls's theory of justice and the 'veil of ignorance'.
Examining the Indian model of secularism and its philosophical underpinnings.
Religion and Existentialism
Exploring the philosophy of religion and the individual's search for meaning in a modern world.
Analyzing the ontological, cosmological, and teleological arguments.
Reconciling the existence of suffering with the concept of an all-powerful, good deity.
Studying Sartre and Camus on the themes of absurdity, choice, and authenticity.