India · CBSE Learning Outcomes
Class 12 Geography
An advanced exploration of human societies and their interaction with the physical environment across the Indian subcontinent and the globe. This course emphasizes spatial patterns of population, economic activities, and sustainable development through rigorous data analysis and mapping.
Foundations of Human Geography
Introduction to the nature, scope, and dualism of human geography as a field of study.
Defining the boundaries of human geography and exploring the interaction between humans and nature.
Analyzing welfare, radical, and behavioral schools of thought within the discipline.
The Global Population Landscape
Examining the distribution, density, growth, and composition of the world population.
Analyzing why humans cluster in specific global regions and the factors influencing these patterns.
Study of the stages of population change as societies transition from rural-agrarian to urban-industrial.
Evaluating the qualitative aspects of population through health, education, and resource access.
Economic Activities and Resource Use
Surveying primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary activities and their spatial organization.
Investigating subsistence and commercial farming, pastoralism, and mineral extraction.
Focusing on industrial location factors and the shift toward high-tech manufacturing.
Exploring the service sector, information technology, and the knowledge economy.
Transport, Communication, and Trade
Analyzing the networks that connect the world and the flow of goods, people, and information.
Detailed study of trans-continental railways and major sea routes including Suez and Panama canals.
Examining the impact of air connectivity and the role of satellites in modern communication.
Understanding the basis of international trade, trade balance, and regional trade blocs.
Human Settlements and Urbanization
Study of rural and urban settlement patterns, their functions, and associated problems.
Classifying settlements based on shape, site, and situation in rural landscapes.
Analyzing the growth of cities, functional classification, and the rise of mega-cities.
Environmental Challenges and Sustainable Solutions
Investigating pollution, resource depletion, and the geographic perspective on sustainable development.
Focusing on water, air, and noise pollution and their geographic sources.
Examining soil erosion, desertification, and strategies for land reclamation.