India · CBSE Learning Outcomes
Class 12 Biology
An intensive exploration of the mechanisms governing life, from molecular genetics to complex ecological interactions. This course prepares students for higher education in medicine and research by emphasizing the continuity of life and the impact of biotechnology on modern society.
Reproduction and Continuity
Investigating the biological strategies organisms use to ensure the survival of their species through sexual and asexual processes.
Analyzing the anatomy of flowers and the complex processes of pollination and double fertilization.
Examining the hormonal regulation of the male and female reproductive systems and the stages of embryonic development.
Exploring population dynamics, contraception, and the ethical considerations of assisted reproductive technologies.
Genetics and Molecular Inheritance
A deep dive into the molecular basis of heredity, from Mendelian principles to the sequencing of the human genome.
Studying Mendelian genetics, chromosomal theory, and the deviations from standard inheritance patterns.
Understanding DNA replication, transcription, translation, and the regulation of gene expression.
Evolutionary Biology
Tracing the origins of life and the mechanisms that drive the diversity of organisms on Earth.
Analyzing paleontological, morphological, and molecular evidence for evolution alongside Darwinian theory.
Exploring the diversification of species into new ecological niches and the specific lineage of Homo sapiens.
Biology in Human Welfare
Examining the intersection of biology with health, disease, and the improvement of food resources.
Studying common pathogens, the immune system, and the biological basis of cancer and AIDS.
Exploring the beneficial roles of microorganisms in household products, industrial processes, and sewage treatment.
Biotechnology and Its Applications
Mastering the tools of genetic engineering and evaluating their impact on medicine and agriculture.
Learning the techniques of recombinant DNA technology, including PCR and gel electrophoresis.
Analyzing the development of GMOs, gene therapy, and molecular diagnosis.
Ecology and Environment
Analyzing the relationships between organisms and their environment, and the urgent need for conservation.
Studying adaptation, population growth models, and interspecific interactions like mutualism and parasitism.
Investigating productivity, decomposition, and the flow of energy through trophic levels.
Evaluating the patterns of biodiversity and the strategies used to protect endangered species.