Active learning ideas
This topic examines the boundaries of what can be known through the scientific method and pure reason. Students explore the 'demarcation problem', what separates science from non-science, and consider questions of value, purpose, and aesthetics that science may not be equipped to answer. This aligns with NCCA Philosophy LO 2.4 and supports the Junior Cycle 'Nature of Science' strand.
Activity 01
Groups are given 'problems' like 'How do I cure cancer?' and 'Is this painting beautiful?'. They must decide which 'tools' (Scientific Method, Logic, Intuition, Tradition) are appropriate for each and explain why some tools fail in certain areas.
Can science explain everything?
Activity 02
One side argues that love is purely chemical and biological (reductionism), while the other argues that the 'experience' of love cannot be captured by data. Students must use specific examples to support their claims.
What are the limits of human reason?
Activity 03
Students try to think of one thing they believe is true but cannot be proven by a laboratory experiment. They share with a partner to see if their partner can find a way to 'test' it scientifically.
Are there truths that cannot be proven?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
If science can't prove it, it's not true.
Many things (like mathematical truths or moral values) aren't 'proven' by science but are still considered true. Using 'Category Sorting' helps students see that different types of truth require different types of proof.
Philosophy and Science are enemies.
Science actually began as 'Natural Philosophy'. Peer-teaching the history of thinkers like Newton helps students see that philosophy provides the logical framework that science uses to operate.
Methods used in this brief
What is Knowledge?
Students investigate the definition of knowledge as justified true belief. They explore the differences between belief, opinion, and factual knowledge.
8 methodologies
Perception and Illusion
An examination of how our senses inform our understanding of reality. Students debate whether our senses can be trusted or if they frequently deceive us.
8 methodologies