Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 6 Science
Students investigate the interconnectedness of biological, physical, and geological systems through hands-on inquiry. This course emphasizes evidence-based reasoning and the impact of human activity on the natural world.

01Life Systems: Diversity and Survival
An exploration of how living things are classified and how their unique characteristics allow them to thrive in various environments.
Students explore the historical development and necessity of classifying living organisms.
Students investigate the defining characteristics of the six kingdoms of life through examples and observations.
Students learn to use and create dichotomous keys to identify unknown organisms based on observable traits.
Students explore the basic structures and diverse roles of bacteria and archaea in various environments.
Students investigate the characteristics and ecological importance of protists and fungi, including their symbiotic relationships.
Students examine the structure and function of viruses and debate whether they should be considered living organisms.
Students explore the components of an ecosystem and the various ways organisms interact within it.
Students model the flow of energy through food chains and food webs, identifying trophic levels.
Students investigate major threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss, pollution, and invasive species.
Students research and evaluate various strategies for protecting biodiversity and promoting sustainable practices.

02Matter: Properties and Physical Changes
Investigating the particle theory of matter and how substances interact and change states.
Students explore the arrangement and motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.
Students conduct experiments to gather evidence supporting the particle theory of matter, such as diffusion and compression.
Students investigate the relationship between temperature and the kinetic energy of particles.
Students classify various materials as pure substances or mixtures based on their composition and properties.
Students explore different types of mixtures and their unique characteristics, including methods of identification.
Students investigate various physical methods for separating mixtures, such as filtration, evaporation, and chromatography.
Students distinguish between physical and chemical changes by observing various transformations of matter.
Students explore how energy is absorbed or released during changes of state and its implications for various processes.
Students investigate how understanding physical changes is applied in industrial processes, cooking, and natural phenomena.
Students explore the concepts of density and buoyancy and their applications in floating and sinking.

03Electricity: Powering Our World
Exploring the principles of static and current electricity and their practical applications.
Students investigate the nature of electric charges and the forces of attraction and repulsion between them.
Students differentiate between conductors and insulators and explore their applications in electrical safety.
Students explore the causes and effects of lightning as a large-scale static electricity phenomenon.
Students learn about the flow of electric charge (current) and the components of a simple circuit.
Students build and analyze series circuits, observing the effects of adding or removing components.
Students build and analyze parallel circuits, comparing their characteristics to series circuits.
Students explore different types of switches and how they are used to control the flow of electricity in circuits.
Students investigate the relationship between electricity and magnetism by building and testing electromagnets.
Students explore various methods of generating electricity, from batteries to power plants.
Students differentiate between renewable and non-renewable energy sources and their environmental impacts.

04Flight: Principles and Innovation
Investigating the properties of air and the forces that enable flight in nature and technology.
Students conduct experiments to demonstrate that air has mass and occupies space.
Students investigate how air pressure is exerted and its role in various phenomena.
Students explore Bernoulli's principle and its application in generating lift for flight.
Students investigate the forces of weight and drag and how they oppose lift and thrust.
Students explore different methods of generating thrust for flight, from propellers to jet engines.
Students analyze how the four forces of flight must be balanced for stable flight and maneuverability.
Students compare the mechanics of flight in birds and insects to human-engineered aircraft.
Students trace the historical development of human flight, from early attempts to modern aviation.
Students investigate how different wing shapes and designs affect lift, drag, and maneuverability.

05Earth and Space: Our Solar System
Exploring the components of our solar system and the cyclical patterns of celestial bodies.
Students investigate the concepts of Earth's rotation and revolution and their effects on day/night cycles and years.
Students explore how the tilt of Earth's axis and its orbit around the Sun create the seasons.
Students investigate the causes of the Moon's phases and its synchronous rotation.
Students learn about the conditions that cause solar and lunar eclipses and their relative frequencies.
Students investigate the characteristics of the inner, rocky planets of our solar system.
Students explore the gas giants and ice giants of the outer solar system and their unique features.
Students learn about other celestial bodies in our solar system, including dwarf planets, asteroids, and comets.
Students investigate the role of gravity in keeping planets in orbit around the Sun and moons around planets.
Students create scale models of the solar system to understand the vast distances and relative sizes of celestial objects.
Students examine the major milestones in space exploration, from early rockets to manned missions and probes.

06Environmental Systems and Stewardship
Synthesizing knowledge to understand local ecosystems and the importance of conservation.
Students investigate the components of the water cycle and how water moves through local watersheds.
Students identify common sources of water pollution and their pathways into local water systems.
Students conduct basic water quality tests to assess the health of a local water sample.
Students explore the ecological role of wetlands in filtering water and supporting biodiversity.
Students differentiate between weather and climate and understand the factors that influence each.
Students investigate the natural greenhouse effect and how human activities enhance it.
Students analyze various lines of evidence for climate change, including temperature data, ice cores, and sea-level rise.
Students investigate how global climate trends are affecting local weather patterns, ecosystems, and communities.
Students explore how personal choices and behaviors can contribute to environmental sustainability.