Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 12 Geography
This course explores the complex interactions between human societies and the physical environment. Students analyze spatial patterns, resource management, and the challenges of sustainability in an increasingly interconnected world.
The Geographer's Toolkit
Students master the technical skills required to analyze spatial data and interpret complex geographical information systems.
An introduction to Using GIS, remote sensing, and GPS to solve real world spatial problems.
Exploring how personal experience and cultural background shape our internal maps of the world.
Physical Systems and Hazards
An investigation into the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere, focusing on the impact of natural disasters on human settlement.
Analyzing the relationship between tectonic activity and the vulnerability of human populations.
Examining the drivers of global climate patterns and the consequences of atmospheric change.
Population and Migration
A study of demographic trends, the movement of people, and the resulting cultural and economic shifts.
Analyzing why population growth rates vary significantly between different stages of economic development.
Investigating the push and pull factors that drive international and internal migration.
Exploring the rapid growth of urban centers and the challenges of providing infrastructure and housing.
Global Economic Systems
Analyzing the spatial distribution of economic activities and the impact of globalization on local industries.
Examining how transport networks and trade agreements shape the global movement of goods.
Investigating the extraction, distribution, and consumption of natural resources.
Political Geography and Conflict
Studying the organization of space into political units and the disputes that arise over territory and identity.
Defining the concepts of the nation state and the challenges to traditional borders.
Analyzing the struggle for control over shared spaces like the Arctic, deep oceans, and outer space.
Sustainable Futures
Synthesizing geographical knowledge to propose solutions for environmental challenges and social inequity.
Evaluating different models of development that balance economic growth with ecological health.
Reflecting on the individual's role in a globalized world and the power of local action.